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The present Covid-19 pandemic, face mask detection identifying significant forward movement in the fields of image and computer observation. Several face detection models were developed utilizing various methods and techniques. The dataset arrangement supplied in this work, which was gathered from multiple sources, could be utilized by other to develop more complex representation such as those for facial identification software, facial positions, and facial component identification. The goal of project 'Real Time AI Based Face Mask Detector', It is develop a tool that really can identify a person image and to affect whether he or she is wearing a mask. COVID makes it necessary to wear a face mask to keep it safe. As the country begins to reopen in stages, face masks have become a crucial part of our everyday life to keep safe. Face masks will be essential for socializing and conducting business. As a result, this software uses a camera to notice whether a person is wearing a mask or not. © 2022 IEEE.
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Background: Children and young people (CYP) receiving long term ventilation (LTV) need regular cardiorespiratory sleep studies (CRSS) for management. COVID-19 pandemic restrictions necessitated increased at-home monitoring. Home ventilators have downloadable data which could provide useful insight into ventilation adequacy. We share our preliminary experience with use of downloaded ventilator data to manage LTV patients. Aim(s): Ventilator data from CYP receiving LTV was analysed. We hypothesised that detailed analysis of this data could assist clinical decision making. Method(s): 2-year ventilator download data (ResScan software, ResMed Sleep Solutions, UK) was retrospectively reviewed. Parameters included oxygen saturations, ventilator usage, pressure, air flow and leak. Respiratory rate and tidal volume helped calculate minute ventilation. "Breath-by breath' data was analysed by sleep physiologist and detailed report was provided for clinician review. Result(s): 95 ventilator downloads (36 BIPAP/ 59 CPAP) were analysed in 81 CYP. Poor ventilator adherence was identified in 11/95 (12%). Interface / mask issues were identified in 12/95 (13%). Further CRSS was required in only 4 cases (3%) and clinical interpretation was possible in the remainder. As a result, ventilation parameters were weaned in 17, increased in 5 and unchanged in rest. Conclusion(s): Detailed analysis of ventilator data was sufficient to permit clinical decision making in majority of CYP receiving LTV during the pandemic. It provides valuable information about adherence, interface issues and ventilation for management of these patients. Further validation of this methodology against existing CRSS techniques and to evaluate its role as a stand-alone investigation would be required.
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Introduction: Immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are implicated in herd immunity. Humoral response to vaccines in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is documented to be sub-optimal. However, the response to non-messenger RNA(mRNA) based vaccines in KTRs is not known Methods: SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG antibody response was assessed in KTRs using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Patients were characterized by the number of vaccine doses received and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in past. Result(s): Out of 224 KTRs evaluated, 197 (87.94%) had positive S1/S2 IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with a median [IQR] titre of 307.5 AU/ml [91 AU/ml - 400 AU/ml]. High titres (in neutralizing range) were found in 170/224 (75.9%) KTRs. Seropositivity rates after 2 doses of vaccination were significantly higher than unvaccinated KTRs (88.67% vs 66.7%;p = 0.006). After adjusting for cofounders, KTRs with diabetes at the time of vaccination were less likely to develop antibody response (aOR 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.10, 0.90;p = 0.032). Higher eGFR was also an independent predictor of antibody response (aOR 1.04 95% CI - 1.01, 1.08;p = 0.005). KTRs vaccinated with CovishieldTM developed higher antibody response as compared to CovaxinTM (aOR 5.04, 95% CI - 1.56, 16.22;p = 0.007). Conclusion(s): A high rate of seroconversion was seen in KTRs after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with non mRNA vaccines. The presence of diabetes and decreased eGFR independently predicted lower seroconversion rates. No conflict of interestCopyright © 2023
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Student learning through online tools during the pandemic covid-19 situation has been studied and reported in this paper. Students pursuing engineering under graduation and business management post graduation were given a Google form to respond to questions related to type and kind of online platform used, difficulties in teaching-learning, expectations of students etc. Suggestions were invited for better learning online. This paper presents the results of the feedback of students on technical and non-technical issues during online learning. The online environment is sub-divided into four broad categories viz., technological, personal, teaching aids and learning management system. Influence of these parameters on effectiveness of online teaching and feedback from students are discussed. Students had difficulties in internet network, bandwidth, clarity of audio-visual, interruptions in power supply, wifi-networks, poor infrastructure and affordability. 57 percent of respondents are dependent on mobile phone instruments for online class work. Majority of students felt that online certification courses can reduce burden to some extent. The results can be used for designing better online tools for effective online learning for students. © 2023, Rajarambapu Institute Of Technology. All rights reserved.
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Aim: To study the various presentations and manifestations of complicated rhinosinusitis in COVID era- ranging from bacterial rhino sinusitis to invasive fungal rhino sinusitis. Methods: Design-A retrospective observational study was carried out from March 2020 to May 2021. Setting-Tertiary care hospital subjects—all COVID-positive patients who had paranasal sinus involvement. Methods-Patients were evaluated based on their symptomatology profile. Fungal stains and culture were carried out for all. They underwent Magnetic resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography scan on case-to-case basis, apart from routine nasal endoscopy. All were managed both medically and surgically depending upon their diagnosis. The natural course including outcomes, was studied, documented and analyzed. Results: Out of 496 patients presenting with sinonasal disease, 126 were COVID-positive, 16 patients had complicated rhino sinusitis, of which 4 patients had complicated rhinosinusitis with intraorbital, intracranial or combined complications. All patients were managed successfully with combined medical and surgical approach. Twelve patients had invasive mucormycosis with overall mortality rate of 37%. Conclusion: Complicated sinusitis was encountered in COVID-positive patients either when they were being actively treated for COVID-19 or as part of post-COVID sequalae. Though rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis constituted the major disease burden in such patients but the possibility of bacterial rhino sinusitis with or without complications must also be kept in mind while evaluating such patients. We must remember every complicated rhinosinusitis in COVID-positive patient may not be mucor and manage appropriately. © 2023, The Author(s).
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Background: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are deemed to be at a high risk of severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Herein, we describe the clinical, laboratory profiles, management, and outcomes of 26 KTRs who developed COVID-19 during the first and second waves of the pandemic from a tertiary care center in northern India. Methods: This retrospective observational study included KTRs detected with COVID-19 infection during the first wave (March-November 2020) and the second wave (March-July 2021). Their clinical and laboratory investigations, management aspects, and outcomes were compared, using data retrieved from clinical and telenephrology records, and the hospital information system. Results: Of the 23 KTRs, 20 were male (86%), 20 patients had fever (86%), and cough and breathlessness were seen in 19 (82%) and 12 (52%), respectively. Acute graft dysfunction was seen in 6 (26%) patients, and the need for renal replacement was seen in 4 (17%) patients. Supplemental oxygen by reservoir mask was utilized in 10 (43%) patients, high-flow nasal cannula in 3 (13%), noninvasive mechanical ventilation in 4 (17%), and invasive mechanical ventilation in 6 (26%) patients. All the KTRs with moderate and severe COVID illness and 6/7 nonsurvivors were infected during the second wave. Overall mortality in this group of patients was very high at 27%, and the mortality in the group on mechanical ventilation was 100%. Conclusions: The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with greater severity of illness and high mortality in KTRs.
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This review focuses on the management of Novel Corona Virus with antiviral drugs and antibiotics and therefore the worldwide dissemination of COVID-19 has been accompanied by increased use of antibiotics, according to this review, which focuses on the therapy of Novel Corona Virus with antiviral medicines and antiviral. This is linked to COVID-19 patients' priority of viral infections. In low-and middle-income countries, identifying viruses is difficult because to a lack of medical or cheap infrastructure that is easily accessible and inexpensive among diseases and pathogens. The possibility of COVID-19 spreading has increased public awareness of the need of antibiotic management systems, as well as infection control and control measures that can minimize microbial load. In underdeveloped nations, these measures are commonly employed. During the COVID-19 pandemic, studies were conducted as a test for worldwide antibiotic resistance. Respiratory problems are being blamed on the Novel Corona Virus that Include pneumonia, colds, sneezing and coughing, and other respiratory diseases. Humans are infected with the Coronavirus by airborne droplets. The World Health Organization has warned against visiting public areas and avoiding close contact with an infected individual. First, on December 31, 2019, the Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was separated from the Wuhan market in China, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic of extremely complicated viral illnesses. Patients with risk factors are more prone to develop secondary infections, which necessitate the use of antibiotics. Attempts to duplicate the medication, on the other hand, raised knowledge of the antibiotics' significance beyond infection management. Antiviral, immunomodulatory action, and unique pharmacokinetic profile of antibiotics play a significant part in the therapy of pneumonia;other benefits include cardiac safety, improved lung tissue access, and possible antiviral, and immunomodulation, but some adverse effects by usage. SARS-CoV-2 has generated an epidemic of the highly infectious new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), which poses a severe public health concern. Given the potential for a COVID-19 outbreak, a better knowledge of the virus is critical in the event of therapeutic alternatives. We offer a thorough analysis of antimicrobials and antiviral COVID-19 in this review. We also go about COVID-19's current treatments. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
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The outbreak of Covid-19 challenged the education system and caused more disconnections than ever between instructors, students, and content. Having instructors use personal information relevant to their students within a lesson would create a more personalized lesson that could resonate with the students and facilitate their participation in the classroom. However, teaching is already a complex and challenging job as teachers must multitask in delivering content and fulfilling students' needs. To encourage and support instructors to integrate the personal experiences of students during their lessons, we propose an approach based on a speech-recognition-based personal information retrieval pipeline. We designed and developed PRIS, a personalized, real-time teaching support system, as an exemplar of the approach. This paper presents a small-scale within-subjects study comparing the use of PRIS and typical notecards to assess the impact of the proposed approach on teaching. Results showed that the PRIS condition has better usability, imposes lower cognitive load on the teacher, and leads to more frequent personalized teaching behaviors compared to the notecard condition. We discuss the implications for the design of personalized teaching support systems. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Objective: Obesity is one of the world's leading problems, which is major cause of cardiovascular diseases. During COVID-19 pandemic many young children and all age group people are getting challenged by obesity due stagnant life style. To treat such life-threatening disorder natural remedies acquire prior position, plant produces a good deal of secondary metabolites which have a benefited mankind in various ways, including treatment of diseases. The present research work was focused on developing a natural remedy using Tectona grandis, an ancient plant with number of proven activities in traditional medicine. Method(s): In the literature survey, it was found that flavonoids, sterols, tannins, and alkaloids shown promising effects to tackle obesity by various mechanisms, T. grandis has shown the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, and amino acids. With the above evidence, this plant has been selected for screening of its antiobesity activity against high-fat diet induced obesity in mice. Studies were conducted using aqueous extract of T. grandis leaves (AETG) on high-fat diet (butter) induced model of hyperlipidemia in mice. During 21 days' time period AETI low and high doses were induced to respective animal groups along with butter where atorvastatin has been taken as standard drug. Butter enhanced the cholesterol and triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Results and Discussion: At the end of 21 days, blood samples were collected from the animal through retroperitoneal route. Biochemical parameters of AETG have been compared with that of standard drug group of animals. The test results were almost similar and for some particular parameters such as LDL and very low-density lipoprotein, AETG shown good results than standard drug results. Conclusion(s): In congruence with these results, it may be confirmed that due to the presence of phytoconstituents such as saponins, flavonoids, proteins, terpenoids, amino acids, and alkaloids in the aqueous extract of T. grandis, it could be responsible for the observed significant anti-obesity activity. Copyright © 2022 The Authors.
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In order to promote public health response to COVID-19, digital technologies are being used around the world. These include population surveillance, case identification, contact tracing, and intervention assessment based on mobility data and public communication. These rapid responses are made possible by the millions of mobile phones in use, massive online data sets, connected devices, low-cost computer resources and machines, and advances in natural language processing. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive review of digital innovations for COVID-19 response to public health around the world is being conducted, including a look at their limitations and implementation obstacles such as legal or ethical issues, privacy concerns, and organizational and personnel issues. We investigate the need for international strategies to improve pandemic control and future preparedness for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases through the regulation, assessment, and use of digital technologies, as well as the need for international strategies to regulate, assess, and use digital technology in pandemic management. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Deep learning involves using deep neural networks with multiple hierarchical hidden layers of nonlinear processing of input to allow complex patterns to be discovered from vast volumes of raw data. Performance is improved through adjusting, optimizing, and regulating hyperparameters. An unsupervised study can find patterns in the data when there are no labels or distribution of probability in data. The study of genomic sequencing and genome expression is typically characterized by deep learning. Prediction of genomic profiles is based on around 1000 programs of the NIH Integrated Network (LINCS) that have dramatically surpassed linear regression in both RNA-seq findings and microarrays in terms of predictive precision. To predict the transcription factor binding sites, inputs taken from Deep CNN have been encrypted. By retrieving higher levels from those in raw nucleotides, the deeper model would make categorization more accurate. Genetic variations may affect the transcription of DNA and mRNA. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of individuals which has sometimes led to attempts at deliberate self-harm including the ingestion of caustic substances. This study was aimed to compare the rates of caustic substance ingestion during the pandemic to a similar period in the preceding year at our center. Methodology: We carried out a retrospective analysis, in which patients' details (demographic, clinical, endoscopic, and outcomes) were collected and compared between April 2019 and December 2019 (pre-COVID-19 pandemic) and from April 2020 to December 2020 (during the COVID-19 pandemic). Results: A total of 41 patients were included in this study, 26 (63.4%) in the pandemic period and 15 (36.5%) in the prepandemic period. The majority were female in both the prepandemic (60%) and pandemic periods (53.9%). More adolescents (<18 years of age) were seen in the pandemic period (15.3%) than in the prepandemic period (6.7%). The proportion of patients admitted with caustic substance ingestion in the pandemic period (3.53%) was significantly higher than in the prepandemic period (1.57%) (P = 0.0094). Conclusion: Caustic substance ingestion almost doubled in our center during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighting the burden of mental health issues during a pandemic.
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Objective: To gain an insight into the thoughts, feelings and priorities of our paediatric CF patient cohort via a patient questionnaire completed at annual review. Method: A retrospective review of paediatric CF patients’ responses to an annual review questionnaire from July 2017 to December 2021. Our children are encouraged to enter free text responses to the following questions below at their annual review. - Things that make me happy - Things I don’t like - Important things -Worries - Future plans The data was analysed and organised into broad themes identified as: • Friend and Family (socialising) • Activities (electronics, sports/exercise, holidays, hobbies) • Education (homework, exams, grades) • MY CF (needles/blood test, medicine, health, death) • Other (food, pets, sleep, bad dreams, bullying, coronavirus) Results: We received 31 responses from primary school children and 18 from secondary school. Conclusion: Friends and family are important and have a positive impact on our patients. They seem to enjoy various indoor and outdoor activities, with only a small percentage not enjoying exercise;20% plan to improve this aspect of their care. A high percentage of secondary school children indicated they do not like school/homework and worry about exams/low grades. None of our patients were happy about their CF but felt it was important. Only 3 responses in total feared death from CF. “Noise” and “bad dreams” were the main other issues identified that younger patients did not like, and it was surprising that during the pandemic, only 3 respondents worried about coronavirus. The responses to the questionnaire allow the MDT to discuss what is going well and identify any areas that may need to be addressed. It allows us to support our patients in remaining upbeat with positive attitudes regarding their health and CF care and our ethos is reflected in one of the children’s responses: “Do everything, but better.”
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Due to the challenges of the IR 4.0 era and the Covid-19 pandemic at the same time, this paper provides a brief review of the published studies predominantly on biodiesel storage tank materials and followed by the Internet of Things (IoT) system as an alternative monitoring method in biodiesel industries. The suitability of storage material for a longer storage duration due to lower oil demands amidst this pandemic becomes a major concern. In this paper, two important parameters: kinematic viscosity and flashpoint in consideration of storage tank materials relating to surrounding conditions and biofuel blends were discussed. It was found that the degradation of fuel in plastic and glass storage tanks is significant for outdoor storage. Over time, the kinematic viscosity of biodiesel shows an increasing trend meanwhile the flashpoint is in decreasing trend or almost constant. However, these physical properties show very limited changes when stored at an ambient temperature. On another note, IoT systems to date are mostly used to detect fuel theft, fuel consumption, fuel impurities, and fuel tank level but are yet to be used to observe the fuel quality under a longer storage period, more than 6 months. IoT solution with suitable embedded sensors has potential to become the advance solution for remote biodiesel quality monitoring, reducing the need for manpower and interaction. This review paper provides necessary information for further investigations on biodiesel stability, storage material, and monitoring advancement systems. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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RATIONALE: Pre-pandemic, ARDS accounted for approximately 10% of all ICU admissions and 25% of ICU patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). Surges in severe Covid-19 cases have increased the number of ICU patients requiring MV for ARDS. It has been estimated that only 60% of ARDS cases are identified at any time during the clinical course, and only 34% of ARDS cases are identified when initial criteria are met. Additionally, it is estimated that only 60% of ARDS patients are managed with evidence based MV settings, including low tidal volume ventilation (LTV) of <6 cc/kg ideal body weight, plateau pressure <30 cm H2O, and low driving pressure <15 cm H2O. Adherence to lung protective ventilation strategies have been linked to decreased mortality in ARDS. We implemented a clinical decision support tool (CDST) to aid clinicians in the early recognition of ARDS and aid in implementation of lung protective ventilation strategies. METHODS: From March 2020 to March 2021 we used medical informatics (SickbayTM) to identify ICU patients requiring MV that met criteria for ARDS based on the Berlin Criteria. We monitored documentation of ARDS, MV tidal volume as cc/kg ideal body weight, plateau pressure, driving pressure, MV settings, arterial blood gas values (ABG), and PaO2 / FiO2. From March 2021 to October 2021, we implemented a CDST outlining above variables to aide ICU clinicians in 1) recognition of ARDS and 2) utilization of MV and ABG data to make evidence based MV changes. Lung protective strategies were automatically recorded every two hours via informatics software. The results were analyzed using a chi-squared test. RESULTS: There were 207 patients reviewed preimplementation of the CDST and 88 patients reviewed during implementation of the CDST. Implementation of the CDST resulted in improved detection and documentation of ARDS (63.8% vs 100%, p=.0001), improved adherence to LTV (53.9% vs 64.9%, p = .0005), and improved adherence to low plateau pressure (67.7% vs 71.8%, p=.20). There was a decrease in adherence to low driving pressure (36.6% vs 23.9%, p=.0003).CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of CDST is a low-cost, efficacious measure to aide clinicians in the detection and documentation of ARDS. Using CDST was associated with improved adherence to LTV and low plateau pressure MV strategies. We hypothesize that difficulty with adherence to low driving pressure is related to the respiratory mechanics of Covid-19 ARDS differing from other forms of ARDS. A validation cohort is needed to further support our findings.
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Objective: To explore the impact of COVID-19 on paediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patient care.Method: A retrospective review of data on 20 CF patients between 1March - 30 November 2020 compared to data from 1 March - 30 November2019. This included: courses of oral antibiotics;days requiring intravenousantibiotics (IVAB);routine IVAB;home IVAB;face-to-face/phone appointments;acute hospital presentations;and microbiology samples.Results: In 2020 the number of courses of oral antibiotics for exacerbationsor bacteria growth decreased from 29 to 14;total IVAB days decreased from177 days to 107. 2 courses of routine IVAB were cancelled and 1 coursewaspostponed, home IVAB decreased from 125 days to 85 due to reducedaseptic IV services. Face-to-face appointments decreased from 76 appointmentsto 15. In 2019 no phone appointments were completed;in 2020there were 51. 10 patients presented to Paediatric Observation andAssessment Unit in 2019;this halved to 5 in 2020. Microbiology samplesnearly halved from 276 to 141 samples.Conclusion: Oral antibiotic courses, IVAB therapy and acute hospitaladmissionswere reduced in 2020. This could be due to a number of reasonssuch as shielding, closure of the paediatric unit to house adult patients,reduced aseptic IV services, family reluctance to access care at a differenthospital or being hesitant to present to hospital due to increased infectionrisk. Microbiology samples are less practical to collect due to reduced faceto-face contacts. Some families may be apprehensive to drop samples at thehospital due to potential exposure to COVID-19. In 2020, most appointmentswerevia phone;this is a change from 2019. Due to the increased riskof cross-infection for CF patients, limiting hospital attendance is a majorstep in the right direction to improve care. Although changes can bebeneficial, it is important to recognise the limitations of reduced face-tofacepatient contact and consider family preferences of care delivery
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Objective: The feedback will be used to improve the delivery of future cystic fibrosis (CF) care.Method: A SurveyMonkey of 10 questions with an option to free text wassent to our 21 paediatric CF families.Results: 12 responses were received. 83% (10) responses felt that the teamwas accessible during the pandemic. 50% (6) responses felt their child’scare has been impacted by COVID-19. 83% (10) responded that they do notfeel that their child’s health has differed during the pandemic. 33% (4) ofresponses had concerns about attending appointments. 25% (3) ofresponses rated virtual or phone appointments as ‘excellent’ and 42% (5)rated them as ‘good’. For future clinic appointments, 42% (5) would preferface-to-face appointments, and 42% (5) preferred a mixture of virtual,phone and face-to-face appointments. Only 1 family felt entering thehospital grounds increased exposure to COVID-19.Free text responses:“Delay in annual review tests”“The team were available and there when needed”“Thanks to shielding my son hasn’t had as many bugs, coughs or colds”“She wasn’t as physically active”“Want to limit exposure to infection”Conclusion: The survey provided insight into the family’s experience oftheir care during the pandemic. Most families adapted to changes inservice provision and recommendations for shielding. They felt the CF teamwere accessible and supportive. 1 family stated ‘the care was outstandingeven with COVID’. Most respondents felt their child’s health was stable,probably due to less exposure to viruses and bacterial infections as someresponses suggested. As expected, some families have anxieties aboutattending appointments due to increased infection risk. As a result ofCOVID-19, the CF team have mainly been completing virtual/phoneappointments and only completing face-to-face appointments whendeemed essential. This change in practice will hopefully be embraced asa part of future CF care;however we need to consider our families’preferences